Marada
Movement (Arabic: تيار المردة), is Lebanese political party
and a former militia active during the Lebanese civil war
under the name of Marada Brigade. The Marada was named after
the legendary Marada or Mardaites warriors of the early
Middle Ages. At its height it had about 3,500 fulltime
members[1]. The Marada Brigade was the militia of Suleiman
Franjieh, president of Lebanon at the outbreak of the war.
They were also known as the "Zgharta Liberation Army" after
Franjieh's home town of Zgharta.
During the Lebanese civil war, Zgharta being the frontline
and Christian stronghold of the north, it was the frontline
in the war for northern Lebanon as the Zgharta-based Marada
Brigade militia successfully repulsed and responded with
attacks on Muslim and PLO militias from neighboring Tripoli.
They were initially allied with the Kataeb but in 1978 the
year when Suleiman Franjieh's son Tony Frangieh was killed,
Franjieh became firmly pro-Syrian and stopped attending
meetings with the Lebanese Front. After the killing of a
Kataeb member in the district of Zgharta Zawie, the latest
being Jude Al Bayeh, the party decided to react. On 13th of
June 1978, at 4am while everyone was sleeping, the Kataeb,
launched a surprise attack on Tony's summer mansion in Ehden
and attempted to capture Ehden to secure it as a Kataeb
Lebanese Forces base, even with Israeli support they could
not achieve their objective. About 28 innocent bystanders
were killed. About 10 Kataeb members were killed in the
attack. The Kataeb Lebanese Forces who wanted to be the
Christian saviours tried to murder other Christian leaders
to secure contol ended up earning the status of villains in
the Lebanese war. The Marada commander, Suleiman Franjieh's
son Tony, his wife Vera and their 3-year-old girl, were also
killed. Kataeb member (at the time) Samir Geagea was the
leader of the attacking group. Until now, there has been no
evidence about his involvement in the killing. In fact, he
was injured in his right hand before getting to the castle
and was taken to the hospital. Elie Hobeika has always
denied taking part in the killing although this also was
never proven. Bashir Gemayel who ordered the attack denied
being responsible for the killing.
There are many current political identities who admitted to
the fact that Bashir Germayel was the one who ordered to the
attack on the Kataeb/Lebanese Forces allies. This was one of
the first bloody attacks Germayel ordered on his former
allies which lead to a weaker and divided Maronite Front.
The attack in Ehden began the break up of the united
Maronite militias known as the Lebanese Front. Suleiman
Frangieh swore revenge for the death of his son and his
family. Massive persecutions and revenge actions followed
the assassination. All Kataeb members fled the region or
were extremely secretive about it.
In 1979 Bashir Gemayel's daughter and bodyguards were killed
in a car bomb and later in 1982 Bashir himself was killed in
a huge explosion on September 14th. The degree of
involvement by Marada operatives is unclear.
The murder of Tony Frangieh was one of the factors which
many commentators blame for the longevity of Lebanon's war
and was the start of strong division between Christians.
Recently, there has been great popular support for renewed
Maronite solidarity which existed before 1978.
After Tonys assassination, Tonys brother - Robert took
conrol of the Marada and nowadays Suleiman Frangieh, Jr,
Tony's son, controls the Marada. He is a close personal
friend of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and a strong
advocate of Syria. He was serving as Interior Minister, one
of the most powerful positions in the Lebanese government,
when Rafiq al-Hariri was assassinated on 14 February, 2005.
After the 2005 legislative elections, the Marada become
member of the opposition to the Siniora government and ally
to Hizbullah and the Free Patriotic Movement.
In June 2006, the Marada Movement was officially launched as
a political party during a ceremony attended by thousands of
supporters and representatives of Hizbullah, Amal Movement
and the Free Patriotic Movement.
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